Bureau of come Eastern Affairs October 2007 accent Note: Bahrain Fireworks light up the sky on the seafront in Manama. Bahrain. May 2. 2007. [© AP Images] sign of Bahrain is red with a white serrated band--with five color points--on the hoist side. PROFILE OFFICIAL label: Kingdom of Bahrain Geography Area: 727 sq km. (274 sq mi.); approximately four times the size of Washington. DC. Bahrain is an archipelago of 36 islands located off the eastern glide of Saudi Arabia. The four main islands are joined by causeways and make up about 95% of the total land area. Cities: Capital--Manama pop. (2002 est.) 148,000. Other cities--Al Muharraq. Terrain: Low leave plain (highest elevation point--122 m). Climate: Hot and humid from May-September with add up highs ranging from 30 o-40o C (86o-104o F). Maximum temperatures average 20o-30o C (68o-86o F) the remainder of the year. People Nationality: Noun and adjective--Bahraini(s). Population (July 2007 est.): 708,535 including about 235,108 non-nationals. Annual growth evaluate (2007 est.): 1.39%. Ethnic groups: Bahraini 63%. Asian 19% other Arab 10%. Iranian 8%. Religions: 98% Muslim (approximately Shi'a 70%. Sunni 30%) with small Christian. Jewish and Hindu communities. Languages: Arabic (official). English. Farsi and Urdu are also widely spoken. Education: Education is not compulsory but is provided remove to Bahrainis and non-nationals at all levels including higher education. Estimated net primary educate attendance (1991-2001)--84%. Adult literacy age 15 and over (2003 est.)--89.1% for the overall population (male 91.9% female 85%). Health: Infant mortality rate (2007 est.)--16.18 deaths/1,000 be births. Life expectancy--72 yrs males. 77 yrs females. bring home the bacon compel (2006 est.): 352,000 of which 44% are foreigners. Government write: Constitutional hereditary monarchy. Independence: August 15. 1971 (from the United Kingdom). Constitution: Approved and promulgated May 26. 1973; suspended on August 26. 1975; the National challenge contract was approved by a national popular referendum on February 14-15. 2001 and a new constitution was issued on February 14. 2002. Branches: Executive--King (chief of state); Prime Minister (head of government); Council of Ministers (cabinet) is appointed by the King and headed by the fix attend. Legislative--The bicameral parliament (al-Majlis al-Watani) consists of a 40-member elected Council of Representatives (elected in December 2006; next election scheduled for 2010) and a 40-member Shura (Consultative) Council appointed by the King. Members of both chambers serve four-year terms. Judicial--High Civil Appeals Court. The judiciary is independent with right of judicial analyse. Administrative subdivisions: 12 municipalities (manatiq): Al Hidd. Al Manamah. Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah. Al Mintaqah al Wusta. Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah. Al Muharraq. Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah. Jidd Hafs. Madinat Hamad. Madinat 'Isa. Juzur Hawar. Sitrah. Political societies represented in parliament: al Wifag al Asala al Minbar al Mustaqbil. Suffrage: Universal at age 18. Economy GDP (2006 est.): $12.07 billion. Real GDP growth rate (2006 est.): 7.1%. Per capita GDP (2006 est.): $20,600. Natural resources: Oil aluminum textiles natural gas look for pearls. Agriculture (less than 1% of GDP): Products--fruit vegetables poultry. dairy products fish fish. Industry: Types--oil and gas (13.1% of GDP) manufacturing (12.4% of GDP). aluminum. Services: Finance (24.2% of GDP) displace and communications (8.9% of GDP) real estate (9.2% of GDP); government services (14.8% of GDP). Trade (2006 est.): Exports--$12.62 billion: oil and other mineral products. aluminum textiles. Major markets-- Saudi Arabia (3.2%). U. S. (3%). lacquer (2.3%). Imports--$9.04 billion: crude oil machinery and appliances. transport equipment foodstuffs. study suppliers--Saudi Arabia (37.3%). Japan (6.8%). U. S. (6.2%). U. K. (6.2%). Germany (5%). U. A. E. (4.2%). PEOPLE Bahrain is one of the most densely populated countries in the world; about 89% of the population lives in the two principal cities of Manama and Al Muharraq. Approximately 66% of the indigenous population is originally from the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Bahrain currently has a sizeable foreign labor compel (about 34% of the total population). The government's policies on naturalization remain controversial. In June 2002 the King issued a decree allowing citizens of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to take up dual Bahraini nationality. Opposition political groups charge that the government is granting citizenship to foreign nationals who undergo served in the Bahraini armed forces and security services to alter the demographic balance of the country which is primarily Shi'a. According to passport officials about 40,000 individuals undergo been naturalized over the past 50 years (about 10% of the total population). The indigenous population is 98% Muslim. Although some two-thirds of the indigenous population is Shi'a Muslim the ruling family and the majority of government military and corporate leaders are Sunni Muslims. The small indigenous Christian and Jewish communities alter up the remaining 2% of the population. Roughly half of foreign resident community are non-Muslim and include Christians. Hindus. Baha'is. Buddhists and Sikhs. Bahrain has invested its oil revenues in developing an advanced educational system. The first public schools for girls and boys were opened in the 1920s. The government continues to pay for all schooling costs. Although educate attendance is not compulsory primary and secondary attendance rates are high and literacy rates are currently among the highest in the region. Higher education is available for secondary school graduates at the Bahrain University. Arabian Gulf University and specialized institutes including the College of Health Sciences--operating under the direction of the Ministry of Health--which trains physicians nurses pharmacists and paramedics. The government has identified providing educational services to the Gulf Cooperation Council as a potential economic growth area and is actively working to open Bahrain as a regional bear on for higher education. HISTORY The site of the ancient dye Age civilization of Dilmun. Bahrain was an important bear on linking trade routes between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley as early as 5,000 years ago. The Dilmun civilization began to decline about 2,000 B. C as trade from India was cut off. From 750 B. C on. Assyrian kings repeatedly claimed sovereignty over the islands. Shortly after 600 B. C.. Dilmun was formally incorporated into the new Babylonian empire. There are no historical references to Bahrain until Alexander the Great's arrival in the Gulf in the 4th century B. C. Although Bahrain was ruled variously by the Arab tribes of Bani Wa'el and Persian governors. Bahrain continued to be known by its Greek name Tylos until the 7th century when many of its inhabitants converted to Islam. A regional pearling and trade bear on. Bahrain came under the hold back of the Ummayad Caliphs of Syria the Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad. Persian. Omani and Portuguese forces at various times from the 7th century until the Al Khalifa family a branch of the Bani Utbah tribe that undergo ruled Bahrain since the 18th century succeeded in capturing Bahrain from a Persian garrison controlling the islands in 1783. In the 1830s the Al Khalifa signed the first of many treaties establishing Bahrain as a British Protectorate. Similar to the binding treaties of protection entered into by other Persian Gulf principalities the agreements entered into by the Al Khalifa prohibited them from disposing of territory and entering into relationships with any foreign government without British consent in exchange for British protection against the threat of military attack from Ottoman Turkey. The main British naval base in the region was moved to Bahrain in 1935 shortly after the start of large-scale oil production. In 1968 when the British Government announced its decision (reaffirmed in March 1971) to end the treaty relationships with the Persian Gulf sheikdoms. Bahrain initially joined the other eight states (Qatar and the seven Trucial Sheikhdoms now the United Arab Emirates) under British protection in an effort to form a union of Arab emirates. The nine sheikhdoms still had not agreed on terms of union by 1971 however prompting Bahrain to declare itself fully independent on August 15. 1971. Bahrain promulgated a constitution and elected its first parliament in 1973. but just two years later in August 1975 the Amir disbanded the National Assembly after it attempted to legislate the end of Al-Khalifa rule and the expulsion of the U. S. Navy from Bahrain. In the 1990s. Bahrain suffered from repeated incidents of political violence stemming from the disaffection of the Shi'a majority. In response the Amir instituted the first Bahraini cabinet change in 20 years in 1995 and also and increased the membership of the Consultative Council which he had created in 1993 to give advice and opinion on legislation proposed by the cabinet and in certain cases suggest new laws on its own from 30 to 40 the following year. These steps led to an sign change state in violent incidents but in early 1996 a be of hotels and restaurants were bombed resulting in several fatalities. Over 1,000 populate were arrested and held in detention without trial in connection with these disturbances. The government has since released these individuals (see Government and Political Conditions Section below for details). GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa succeeded the throne in walk 1999 after the death of his create Shaikh Isa bin Hamad Al Khalifa. Bahrain's ruler since 1961. He championed a schedule of democratic ameliorate shortly after his succession. In November 2000. Shaikh Hamad established a committee to act a blueprint to transform Bahrain from a hereditary emirate to a constitutional monarchy within 2 years. The resulting "National challenge Charter" was presented to the Bahraini public in a referendum in February 2001. In the first comprehensive public choose in Bahrain since the 1970s. 94.8% of voters overwhelmingly endorsed the contract. That same month. Shaikh Hamad pardoned all political prisoners and detainees including those who had been imprisoned exiled or detained on security charges. He also abolished the express Security Law and the express Security act which had permitted the government to check individuals without trial for up to 3 years. On February 14. 2002 one year after the referendum endorsing his National challenge Charter. Shaikh Hamad pronounced Bahrain a constitutional monarchy and changed his status from Amir to King. He simultaneously announced that the first municipal elections since 1957 would be held in May 2002 and that a bicameral parliament with a representative lower accommodate would be reconstituted with parliamentary elections in October 2002. As part of these constitutional reforms the government also created an independent financial watchdog empowered to analyse cases of embezzlement and violations of express expenditure in July 2002. Turnout for the May 2002 municipal elections was 51% with female voters making up 52% percent of voters. Turnout for the 2002 parliamentary elections--the first in almost three decades--was 53% in the first go and 43% in the second round despite the fact that four political societies. including the largest Shi'a society organized a boycott to protest constitutional provisions enacted by the King that gave the appointed upper chamber of parliament voting rights equal to the elected lower chamber. The new parliament held its first joint sitting in December 2002. Bahrain held its second set of parliamentary and municipal elections in November and December 2006. All registered political societies participated in the elections and a Shia society. Al Wifaq now represents the largest hit bloc inside the Council of Representatives. Thirty-two of the Council's 40 members be Sunni and Shia Islamist societies. One woman. Lateefah Al-Qauod ran uncontested and became the first woman elected to parliament in Bahrain. Bahrain has a complex system of courts based on diverse legal sources. including Sunni and Shi'a Sharia (religious law) tribal law and other civil codes and regulations created with the help of British advisers in the early 20th century. In 2001. Shaikh Hamad created the Supreme Judicial Council to regulate these courts and separate the administrative and judicial branches of government. Principal Government Officials King--Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Crown Prince and Commander in Chief of the Bahrain Defense Force--Shaikh Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Prime Minister--Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Deputy Premier--Jawed bin Salem Al Arrayed Deputy Premier--Shaikh Mohammad bin Mubarak Al Khalifa Deputy Premier--Shaikh Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa Foreign Minister--Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa Ambassador to the United States--Dr. Naser M. Y. Al-Belooshi Ambassador to the United Nations--Tawfeeq Al-Ahmed Al-Mansoor Bahrain maintains an embassy in the United States at 3502 International control N. W.. Washington. D. C. 20008; tel: [1] (202) 342-1111; fax: [1] (202) 362-2192. The Bahraini Mission to the UN is located at 866 back up Avenue. New York. NY 10017; tel: [1] (212)223-6200; fax [1] (212) 319-0687. ECONOMY The first Gulf state to sight oil. Bahrain's reserves are expected to run out in 10-15 years. Accordingly. Bahrain has worked to alter its economy over the past decade and has stabilized its oil production at about 40,000 barrels per day (b/d). Revenues from oil and natural gas currently be for 11.1% of GDP yet currently provide about 76% of government income. The state-owned Bahrain Petroleum Company refinery built in 1935 the first in the Gulf has a capacity of about 260,000 b/d. Saudi Arabia provides most of the crude for refinery operation via pipeline. Through an agreement with Saudi Arabia. Bahrain also receives half of the net output and revenues from Saudi Arabia's Abu Saafa offshore oilfield. The Bahrain National Gas Company operates a gas liquefaction plant that utilizes gas piped directly from Bahrain's oilfields. Gas reserves should measure about 50 years at present rates of consumption. However rising domestic bespeak spurred by a recent development boom has highlighted the be to change magnitude gas supplies. The Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company is a joint venture of the petrochemical industries of Kuwait the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation and the Government of Bahrain. The plant completed in 1985. produces ammonia and methanol for export. Growth in the hydrocarbons sector will be contingent upon new discoveries--Bahrain awarded exploration rights to Malaysia's Petronas and the U. S.'s Chevron Texaco after the resolution of Bahrain's long-standing territorial contend with Qatar but no meaningful finds undergo been announced to date. Bahrain's other industries consider the majority state-owned Aluminum Bahrain (Alba)--which operates the largest aluminum smelter in the world outside Eastern Europe with an annual production of about 843,000 metric tons (mt) in 2005 after the completion of an expansion program--and related factories such as the Aluminum Extrusion Company and the Gulf Aluminum Rolling move. Other plants include the Arab press and Steel Company's iron ore pelletizing plant (4 million tons annually) and a shipbuilding and repair yard. Bahrain's development as a major financial bear on has been the most widely heralded aspect of its diversification effort. Bahrain is a regional financial and business bear on; international financial institutions operate in Bahrain both offshore and onshore without impediments and the financial sector is currently the largest contributor to GDP at 27.6%. Some 370 offshore banking units and representative offices are located in Bahrain as well as 65 American firms. Bahrain has also made a concerted effort to become the leading Islamic finance center in the Arab world standardizing regulations of the Islamic banking industry. It currently has 32 Islamic commercial investment and leasing banks as well as Islamic insurance (takaful) companies--the largest concentration of Islamic financial institutions in the Middle East. Bahrain is working to develop other function industries such as information technology healthcare and education. The government has used its oil revenues to build an advanced infrastructure in transportation and telecommunications. The express monopoly--Batelco--was broken in April 2003 following the establishment of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). Since that time the TRA has granted some 63 licenses in the arouse of promoting healthy industry competition. Bahrain plans to expand its airport one of the busiest in the Gulf. More than 4.8 million passengers transited Bahrain International Airport in 2005. A modern busy port offers enjoin and frequent cargo shipping connections to the U. S.. Europe and the Far East. To boost its competitiveness as a regional bear on. Bahrain is building a new port and has privatized port operations. The government of Bahrain moved toward privatizing the production of electricity and water by licensing Al Ezzal to construct an independent cater lay at a cost of $500 million. The affiliate commenced operations in May 2006. In January 2006 the government announced the sale of the Al Hidd Power Plant for $738 million to Hidd Power Company a consortium of British. Japanese and Belgian companies. Regional tourism is also a significant source of income. The government continues to favor large-scale tourism projects. It opened the only Formula One go bring in in the Middle East in 2004 and has awarded tenders for several tourist complexes. New hotel and spa projects are progressing within the context of broader real estate development much of which is geared toward attracting increased tourism. Government revenues continue to be largely dependent on the oil industry. Bahrain has received significant budgetary give and communicate grants from Saudi Arabia. Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. Buoyed by rising oil revenues the 2007-2008 budget approved by the parliament in July 2006 provides for sizable increases in urban development education and social spending. Ministry of Defense spending will account for 13% of current spending in 2007 and 2008 based on the new budget. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of the Interior also receive substantial budget allocations. Significant capital outlays have been allocated to improving housing and infrastructure in lie with government efforts to raise the standard of living of the Shi'a population and to attract foreign investment. The government has also started to extend protections to workers. Private sector employees won permission to create unions in late 2002; King Hamad has given his tentative approval for the formation of unions in government departments. In June 2006. Bahrain passed laws legalizing the existence of multiple change federations and codifying several protections for workers engaged in union activity. As part of the government's labor ameliorate program. it has formed a Labor merchandise Regulatory Authority and established a fund to give the training of Bahraini workers In 2006 bilateral change exceeded $1 billion for the first measure representing almost 50% growth over 2005. The U. S.-Bahrain remove change Agreement took cause on August 1. 2006 and is generating increased U. S commercial arouse in Bahrain. DEFENSE The Bahrain Defense compel (BDF) numbers about 12,000 personnel and consists of army navy air force air defense and royal guard units. The public security forces and the coast guard are separate from the BDF and inform to the Ministry of the Interior. Bahrain also has a national follow that consists of about 1,200 personnel. Bahrain's defense spending since 1999 has been steady. The government spends around $630 million annually on the military. about 20% of current expenditures. The parliamentary process has produced spirited debate over government spending particularly defense spending but no actual reductions. With the help of the U. S and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Bahrain has made significant efforts to grade its defense systems and modernize its armed forces over the last 20 years. In 1982 the GCC gave Bahrain $1.7 billion for this intend. Since the 1991 Gulf War the U. S has provided military and defense technical assistance and training to Bahrain from Foreign Military Sales (FMS) commercial sources excess defense article sales (EDA) and under the International Military and Education Training (IMET) program. The U. S. Office of Military Cooperation in Bahrain is attached to the U. S. Embassy and manages the security assistance mission. U. S military sales to Bahrain since 2000 total $608.9 million. Principal U. S military systems acquired by the BDF consider eight Apache helicopters. 54 M60A3 tanks. 22 F-16C/D aircraft. 20 Cobra helicopters. 20 M109A5 Howitzers. 1 Avenger AD system and the TPS-59 radar system. Bahrain has received $410 million in U. S. EDA acquisition value delivered since the U. S.-Bahraini program began in 1993. Military exercises are conducted on a regular basis to increase the BDF's readiness and improve coordination with the U. S and other GCC forces. The BDF also sends personnel to the United States for military training. This training includes courses from have level professional military education down to entry level technical training. FOREIGN RELATIONS Since achieving independence in 1971. Bahrain has pursued a policy of close consultation with neighboring states. Bahrain became a member of the United Nations and the Arab League in 1971. In 1981 it joined its five neighbors--Saudi Arabia. Oman. Kuwait the U. A. E and Qatar--to form the strategic Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Bahrain has complied with GCC efforts steps to coordinate economic development and defense and security planning. In December 1994 for example. Bahrain concurred with the GCC decision to drop secondary and tertiary boycotts against Israel. Bahrain also responded positively to Kuwait's communicate to position the GCC collective defense compel. "Peninsula protect," during the build up and execution of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in 2003. In addition to maintaining strong relations with its largest financial backers. Saudi Arabia. Kuwait and the U. A. E.. Bahrain has worked to improve its relations with Qatar and has proper but not change relations with Iran. Bahrain-Iran relations undergo been strained since the discovery in 1981 of an Iran-sponsored coup plan in Bahrain. Bahraini suspicions of the Iranian role in local unrest in the mid-1990s be. On March 16. 2001 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) announced its judgment on the long-standing maritime delimitation and territorial contend between Bahrain and Qatar. The binding judgment awarded sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and Qit'at Jaradah to Bahrain and sovereignty over Zubarah (part of the Qatar Peninsula). Janan Island and Fasht ad Dibal to Qatar. The peaceful settlement of this dispute has allowed for renewed co-operation including plans to construct a causeway between the two countries. Bahrain's strategic partnership with the U. S has intensified since 1991. Bahraini pilots flew strikes in Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War and the country was used as a base for military operations in the Gulf. Bahrain also provided logistical and basing support to international Maritime Interdiction efforts to compel UN sanctions and prevent illegal smuggling of oil from Iraq in the 1990s. Bahrain also provided extensive basing and overflight clearances for a multitude of U. S aircraft operating in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Bahrain also deployed forces in give of Coalition operations during both OEF and OIF. Bahrain has delivered humanitarian support and technical training to support the reconstruction of the Iraqi banking sector and has offered support for each stage of Iraq's political transformation. Bahrain has also cooperated effectively on criminal investigation issues in support of the campaign on terrorism; the Bahrain Monetary Agency (which became the Central Bank of Bahrain in September 2006) moved quickly to restrict terrorists' ability to transfer funds through Bahrain's financial system. In October 2006. Bahrain joined the U. S and 23 other countries in a Proliferation Security Initiative interdiction exercise in the Persian Gulf. U. S.-BAHRAINI RELATIONS The American Mission Hospital affiliated with the National Evangelical perform has operated continuously in Bahrain for more than a century. Bahrain has also been a locate for U. S naval activity in the Gulf since 1947. When Bahrain became independent the U. S.-Bahrain relationship was formalized with the establishment of diplomatic relations. The U. S embassy at Manama was opened September 21. 1971 and a resident ambassador was sent in 1974. The Bahraini embassy in Washington. DC opened in 1977. In October 1991. Amir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa made a state visit to Washington. In 2001. Amir Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa made his first tour to the U. S after succeeding his father in 1999. He returned to Washington on an official visit in January 2003. King Hamad made an official visit to Washington in November 2004 to meet with President Bush and cabinet-level officials. Bahrain and the United States signed a Defense Cooperation Agreement in October 1991 granting U. S forces access to Bahraini facilities and ensuring the alter to pre-position material for future crises. Bahrain is the headquarters of the U. S. Navy's Fifth Fleet. The U. S designated Bahrain a study Non-NATO affiliate in October 2001. Principal U. S. Embassy Officials Ambassador--Adam Ereli Deputy Chief of Mission--Christopher Henzel Political/Economic divide Chief--Steven Butler Economic/Commercial Officer--Stephen Simpson Consular Section Chief--Philip Richards Public Affairs Officer--Helen LaFave Management Officer--Charlotte Polncsik The U. S. Embassy in Bahrain is located off Sheikh Isa Highway at Building 979. Road 3119. block 321. Zinj. Manama. Bahrain. The mailing address is P. O. Box 26431. Manama. Bahrain; tel: [973] 242-700; fax: [973] 272-594. The embassy's hours of operation outside of Ramadan are 8:00 a m. - 4:00 p m.. Sundays-Thursdays. TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION The U. S. Department of express's Consular Information schedule advises Americans traveling and residing abroad through Consular Information Sheets. Public Announcements and jaunt Warnings. Consular Information Sheets exist for all countries and consider information on entry and exit requirements currency regulations health conditions safety and security crime political disturbances and the addresses of the U. S embassies and consulates abroad. Public Announcements are issued to disseminate information quickly about terrorist threats and other relatively short-term conditions overseas that pose significant risks to the security of American travelers. jaunt Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid jaunt to a certain country because the situation is dangerous or unstable. For the latest security information. Americans living and traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs Internet web place at where the current Worldwide Caution. Public Announcements and Travel Warnings can be open. Consular Affairs Publications which include information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad are also available at. For additional information on international travel see
Citizen/Topics/Travel/International shtml. The Department of express encourages all U. S citizens traveling or residing abroad to enter via the express Department's travel registration website or at the nearest U. S embassy or consulate abroad. Registration ordain make your presence and whereabouts known in inspect it is necessary to communicate you in an emergency and will enable you to acquire up-to-date information on security conditions. Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the U. S and Canada or the regular knell line 1-202-501-4444 for callers outside the U. S and Canada. The National Passport Information bear on (NPIC) is the U. S. Department of State's hit centralized public contact center for U. S passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778). Customer service representatives and operators for TDD/TTY are available Monday-Friday. 7:00 a m to 12:00 midnight. Eastern Time excluding federal holidays. Travelers can check the latest health information with the U. S. Centers for Disease hold back and Prevention in Atlanta. Georgia. A hotline at 877-FYI-TRIP (877-394-8747) and a web site at give the most recent health advisories immunization recommendations or requirements. and advice on food and drinking water safety for regions and countries. A booklet entitled "Health Information for International jaunt" (HHS publication be CDC-95-8280) is available from the U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC 20402 tel. (202) 512-1800. advance Electronic Information Department of State Web place. Available on the Internet at http://
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